Canada Past and Present: A Citizenship Education Guide

GEOGRAPHY OF CANADA BACKGROUNDER CENTRAL CANADA Quebec • Capital: Quebec City, located on the north shore of the St. Lawrence river. • Quebec’s official language is French, and it is the largest region in North America where the majority of people speak French as their first language. • Montreal, located in Quebec, is the second largest city in Canada. • The principal industries in Quebec are manufacturing, hydroelectric power, mining, and pulp and paper (forestry). • Quebec is the largest province in Canada by land size. • Quebec is home to many species of animal like deer, coyotes, moose and lynx, as well as over 350 bird species. Ontario • Capital: Toronto • Ontario is the most populous province or territory in Canada. • Northern Ontario covers almost 90% of the land, but contains only 6% of the population. Sudbury is the largest city in Northern Ontario by population. • Over 64% of Ontario’s population lives on the western end of Lake Ontario, located in the south of the province. • Niagara Falls is an important tourist destination in Ontario. Both the Niagara and Prince Edward County regions are known for their wine production. • Ontario’s main industries include agriculture, mining, manufacturing, energy production, forestry, and fisheries. • The Canadian financial industry is based in Toronto, Ontario. • Ontario has over 250,000 lakes, which contain approximately one-fifth of the world’s fresh water supply, and many rivers. Ontario includes a portion of all the Great Lakes except Lake Michigan. PRAIRIE PROVINCES Manitoba • Capital: Winnipeg • Winnipeg is home to a large francophone population, and is an important centre for Ukrainian and Icelandic cultures. • Churchill, in northern Manitoba, is known for its wildlife like polar bears and beluga whales. • Manitoba’s main industries include agriculture, mining, energy production, forestry, fisheries, and manufacturing. • Manitoba is known for its many lakes and rivers, like Lake Winnipeg and the Red River. Saskatchewan • Capital: Regina • Saskatoon, Prince Albert, and Moose Jaw are other cities in the province. • After English, German, Tagalog, and Cree are the largest mother tongues spoken in Saskatchewan. • This province has almost half the farmland in Canada, and is the country’s largest producer of grains. It also contains one of the world’s richest deposits of uranium. • Saskatchewan’s main industries are agriculture (especially wheat), mining, and some forestry. • Saskatchewan is home to the “grain belt,” a flat or gently rolling grassy plains marked by fertile soils that make Saskatchewan one of the world’s great wheat producers. 25.