Canada Past and Present: A Citizenship Education Guide

GEOGRAPHY OF CANADA BACKGROUNDER Alberta • Capital: Edmonton • Calgary is the largest city in Alberta and hosts the world-famous Calgary Stampede every year. • Alberta is well known for its oil and gas production as well as its beef industry. • Tourism, particularly to national parks and to the Calgary Stampede, play a large part in the province’s economy. • Much of the southern part of the province is covered in gently rolling prairie grasslands which is mostly dry and treeless. • Alberta’s southwest is home to a portion of the Rocky Mountains. • Banff National Park, Canada’s oldest national park, is located in Alberta in the Rocky Mountains. THE WEST COAST British Columbia • Capital: Victoria, located on Vancouver Island. • There are several islands off the coast of British Columbia. Some of these, like Vancouver Island and Haida Gwaii, have towns and cities where people live. • Vancouver is the largest urban centre in the province and its port is Canada’s gateway to the Asia-Pacific region. Billions of dollars of goods pass through the port each year. • The province is well known for its fruit crops. • Forestry, mining, energy production, fisheries, as well as tourism and recreation also form large portions of BC’s economy. • BC is made up of two main regions: the Coast and the Interior. • British Columbia is known for its mountains. These include the Rocky Mountains and the Coast Mountains. THE NORTH Yukon • Capital: Whitehorse • Yukon is home to Mount Logan, Canada’s highest mountain. • Yukon’s main industries are tourism, mining, fisheries, energy production, and some manufacturing. • Over half of the territory is covered with forest, and is home to over 200 species of wildflowers. • The Yukon has some of North America’s largest populations of grizzly bears and Dall sheep. • The Yukon provides critical habitat for migratory birds, such as trumpeter swans and birds of prey. Northwest Territories • Capital: Yellowknife • The Northwest Territories recognizes 11 official languages including French and English, as well as 9 Indigenous languages: Chipewyan, Cree, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, and Tłı̨ch ǫ . • The main industries of the territory are mining, energy production, and some tourism. • The far north of the territory is made up of arctic islands (some of which are covered in ice) and some have tundra vegetation (low bushes and grasses). • True soil is generally absent in most of the territory, and bushes and shrubs dominate the vegetation, with some larger tree growth near waterways. 25.