Introduction Scope A healthy democratic society functions best when its population is educated and engaged as active and informed citizens. A civics education equips ordinary citizens with knowledge of how the Canadian judicial system works and empowers them to make a difference in their communities and beyond. Since time immemorial, there have been numerous and varied Indigenous systems of justice on this land. This guide will focus on the more recent systems that have contributed to, and now exist as, the Canadian judicial system. This system includes many elements, such as the rules and regulations that we, as a society, have agreed to live by, and the governments and courts that have had a hand in creating and maintaining them. This education guide focuses specifically on certain key moments, documents, and institutions that are fundamental to the origin and development of the current system in Canada. By learning about the history of how this system was developed, applied, and received in Canada, we can better understand our society today, and our place in it. How did we get here? What impact do our laws have on our daily lives? How do we in turn have an impact on this system? What does it mean to be a Canadian citizen or resident, and to live under the “rule of law?” It is also necessary to examine the legacy and consequences of policies to which Indigenous peoples and others have been subjected. Though Canada is now recognized as an international leader in human rights, much work remains to be done to ensure human rights and equality are legally protected and enjoyed by everyone in Canada. Message to Teachers This guide was produced with the support of the Government of Canada. Historica Canada offers programs that you can use to explore, learn and reflect on our history, and what it means to be Canadian. This guide is aligned with current Canadian curricula and has been produced for use in middle and high school classrooms. It is meant to give teachers and students the tools to engage with Canada’s judicial processes. Through curriculum-based activities, students are encouraged to think thoughtfully and critically about the communities they inhabit — and would like to inhabit — and the country of which they are already active members. We encourage teachers to be sensitive to both individual and group dynamics to ensure the classroom remains a safe environment for all learners. The classroom climate should encourage students to relate to one another in positive and respectful ways. With your students, co-create ground rules for considerate and inclusive discussions, and address harmful language and ideas immediately. Please consult your school support systems for additional support, if needed. The activities included here may be used in sequence or can stand alone. Additional free, bilingual resources on the Canadian judicial system are available on The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada’s education guides are part of a collaborative process that engages history educators, academic historians, and community stakeholders in content creation and lesson planning. This guide was developed in collaboration and consultation with Nathan Tidridge and Holly Richard. A fundamental principle of Canadian democracy is the commitment to the “rule of law” which means that Canada’s laws apply to all citizens and permanent residents - no exceptions.
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